Controlling device



Jan. s, 1942. K WILBE mL 2,269,072

CONTROLLING DEVICE Filed Dec. 19, 1938 `3 Sheets-Shoe*l l Jan. 6, 1942.K, WM5.; Em 2,269,072

GONTROLLING DEVICE Filed Dec. 19, 1938 3 Sheets-bussi: 2

I9 Il y /fffvnfrv Patented Jan. 6, 1942 CONTROLLING DEVICE Kurt Wilde,Berlin-Dahlem, and Georg Zink, Berlin-Pankow,

Germany, assignors to Askania- Werke A. G., a corporation of GermanyApplication December 19, 1938, Serial No. 246,718

` In Germany December 12, 1936 7 Claims.

'I'he present invention relates to a controlling device, as for instancea pressure relay, for converting vibrations, for instance electricoscillations, intoipressure impulses. According to the invention, thisis achieved by constructing the relay member controlling the pressurefluid flow as a vibrating armature of a resonance relay in such a.manner that the vibrating armature, which is set into oscillation,influences the quantity of the pressure uid flow, Such a relay may beused, for instance, as a controlling device for a remote controlledcraft in orderto create, by means of electric radiation of certainfrequency, a. magnetic eld, `fluctuating in rhythm with the createdfrequencies, in the magnet coil of the resonance relay. 'I'he eld setsthe relay armature into mechanical resonance vibrations and the periodicfluctuations of a pressure fluid supply then influences a controllingmember on the remote controlled craft. ,Y

By the remote transmission of a certain number of intermittentcontrollingy impulses, the controlling movement may be remotely.transmitted in accordance'with the size and direction.

Of course, a plurality of Y'vibrating armatures tuned to differentfrequencies may be provided, whereby each armature is set to oscillateby a certain controlling frequency and each has a certain controllingtask. As is well-known 'in mechanical resonance relays several vibrating-1 armatures, tuned to different frequencies, may cooperate with asingle electro-magnetic coil, which i-s excited simultaneously bycurrents of different frequency superposed on one another of differentfrequency.

With reference to the accompanying drawings the subject matter of theinvention is more fully explained by means of several embodiments'.

Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing an electric-mechanicalresonance vrelay forming part of the pressure iluid relay according tothe invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation f the relay shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view on enlarged scale of a part of the pressurefluid relay according-to the invention;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a further detail of a pressureluid invention;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional viewtaken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 4;

Fig, 6 is a perspective view of a detail;

Fig. 7 is a view partly in section of a plurality relay according to theof pressure fluid relays for controlling a pressure iluid operatedservo-motor;

Figs. 8 and 9 are side elevations of two modications of a part of apressure fluid relay according to the invention;

Figs. 8a and 9a are end views of the jet pipes of Figs. 8 and 9respectively;

' Fig. 10 is a part sectional. and part side elevation of the completepressure iiuid relay;

` Fig. 11 is a front end View of a plurality of pressure fluid relays asillustrated in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a part sectional and part diagrammatic view of a modificationof the arrangement according to Fig. '7;

Fig. 13 is a sectional view of another modification of the arrangementaccording to Fig. 7

Fig. 14 is a wiring diagram of a lemote-control device in which pressureuid relays are used at the receiving station accoding to the invention;and

Fig. 15 is a side elevation of another modification of the pressurefluid relay according to the invention;

Fig. 1 shows a section of a resonance relay of the polarized type knownper se, the coil 2, having an iron core 2', of which magnetizes the yokeI in rhythm with the alternating currents flowing through the coil asindicated in Fig. 2 by broken lines. Between the core 2 and the yoke Iis an air gap, in which an alternating magnetic field is built up inwhich the front end of a. resilient armature 3 is arranged. The rear endof the armature is mounted on one end of a permanent magnet 5l, theother end of. which is connected to a soft iron plate 52 upon which ismounted the magnetic core 2. Therefore, in the core 2' of the coil 2 apermanent field, excited by the magnet 5| is superposed to thealternating magnetic field generated by the coil 2. Thus, a mechanicallytuned armature 3 is provided in the resulting magnetic eld of the airgap whose free end vibrates under the influence of the exciting ileld inthe plane of the drawing.

Fig. 2 illustrates two vibrating armatures 3' and 3", which should betuned to frequencies different from one another. Only one singleexciting. coil 2 is provided for both vibrating armatures, so that thiscoil is excited by superposed vibrations of diierent frequency.

Fig. 3 shows a single vibrating armature 3, having a tongue 4.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate a relay in which the pressure fluid is directedtransverse to the vibrating plane of the vibrating armatures in anarrangement having two vibrating armatures.

. the special advantage that The pressure medium is conveyed through theconduit 5, and branches off'into two conduits 6', 6" which are closed bymeans of the tongues d', respectively 4", in the position of rest of thevibrating armature. If one of the vibrating armatures 3, 3 begins tooscillate such vibrating armature opens the nozzle of the conduit 6',respectively 6", thereby permitting the pressure fluid to flow throughthe conduit 6', respectively 6" whichis unobstructed in accordance withthe deflection of the vibrating armature. The vibrating armature thusactuates the corresponding controlling member. Therefore, the vibratingarmature, -whose mechanical natural vibra- ,tion corresponds to thearriving controlling frequency, will always be actuated and will openthe corresponding pressure fluid conduit.

Fig. 6 shows another modification of the` vibrating armature. In thisembodiment the tongue l of the armature has two knife edges 8' and Thuson the one hand it is intended to achieve a cutting of the fluid as soonas the tongue is between the nozzles and on the other hand the abovedescribed form of the tongue decreases the vortexes in the discharge ofthe pressure uid during the vibrating step.

Fig. 7 shows two vibrating armatures 3', 3 I

with two auxiliary valves 9', 9" movable in a dampened manner, which arecontrolled by the relayr impulses of which each controls one amplifiedpressure fluid stream. As soon as one of the two vibrating armaturesbegins to oscillate the corresponding auxiliary valve is moved in thedirection of the arrow, whereby the corresponding dampening spring Ill',respectively IIJ", is pressed together. The feeding conduit II',respectively II for the uid, under higher pressure, is connected withthe discharge conduit i2', respectively I2". The pressure fluid bypassedthrough the pipes I2', respectively I2" then influences the controllingmember. Due to its damping the auxiliary valves 9', respectively Q donot vibrate in accordance with the fluctuations of the pressure uidstream by being directly controlled by the vibrating armatures, but theyrather remain stationary in the raised position until the vibration ofthe vibrating armature has ceased. As soon as this takes place, theconduits I2', respectively I2", are connected with the conduits I3',respectively I3", so that the fluid which is under pressure intheconduits I2', I2" may ow off through the conduits I3', I3.'.

The apparatus may be constructed in such manner that on one piston sideeach of a doubleacting servo-motor I8 a pressure fluid stream,controlled by a special vibrating armature, is effective, whereby bothvibrating armatures are synchronized to frequencies different from oneanother. In accordance with the exciting of the one or the othervibrating armature 3', 3" and in accordance with the duration of theexcitation', the servo-motor piston I9 is displaced to a certain degreeout of its original middle position in the one or the otherv direction.In order to again return the piston into its original position after thetermination of the exciting of the vibrating armature, the piston may beprovided with restoring springs 22', 22", the piston movstream directedtransverse to the direction of vibration of the vibrating armature canbe maintained so slight that it can not set the vibrating armatures intooscillation due to vortex forma- IIOIl;

If the vibrating armatures do not entirely shut off the pressure fluidstream in the position of rest, this may further be achieved byproportioning the damping springs Ill', I0" in such a way that theauxiliary pistons cannot be raised so` far until the pressure uidchannels II" and I2" are connected with one another. It may also beachieved by means of the damping springs that irregularities in thequantity of pressure uid delivered by the relay due to deviations of thedirection of vibration from the desired direction, have no influence onthe member to be controlled. In order to more easily adapt the dampingof the auxiliary valves to the existing conditions the damping springsI', respectively I Il", of the auxiliary valves may be adjustable,-

for instance by meansl of adjusting screws as shown in Fig. 13 by 30',30".

Figs. 8 and 9 show the control of the pressure fluid stream by means ofa vibrating jet-pipe.l

According to Fig. 8, the jet-pipe Ill' preferably of steel has acircular cross-section, whilst the jet-pipe It" according to Fig. 9 hasan oval cross-section, the greatest diameter of which lies transverselyto the direction of vibration. Thus an exactly defined direction ofvibration may be achieved.

Fig. 10 illustrates the jet-pipe vibratin' in front of the receptionnozzle I5, together with the remaining relay member, known per se, whichis similar in its construction to the type illustrated in Fig. 1 or. 2.

The controlling pressure uid is fed to the jet-pipe I@ through theopening I6. The rearward end of the jet-pipe is held by a block 53 whichis mounted on the permanent magnet 5I. Fig. l1 shows four jet-pipes Ilcooperating with one single relay coil Il. The different controlvresponding controlling step. In an arrangement according to Fig. l1 thefour jet-pipes can operate in pairs, that is one servo-motor for eachpair, so that for example two jet-pipes displace the rudder control andtworjet-pipesthe elevator control of a craft.

VFig. 12 shows a double-acting piston servomotor I8 with a piston I9which is controlled by two pressure fluid streams, each acting upon oneside thereof. The pressure fluid streams are delivered by a special,vibrating armature in the manner of a jet-pipe ZIJ', 20, of which eachreacts to a certain controlling frequency. In theirA position of restboth jet-pipes are in front of the reception nozzles 2|', 2l", thusbeing directly opposite to them. In the position of rest of the twojet-pipes the piston I9 is, therefore, in the middle position. If one ofthe two jetpipes is set into oscillation by a controlling frequency,then the pressure. of the pressure fluid delivered by the other jet-pipepredominates so ing in opposition to their forces. In this manner therudder or elevator control of a remotely controlled aircraft may beadjusted. Thus it is possible to remotely control the craft by means ofa slight force.

The use of` force magnifying means also has -restoring springs 22',respectively 22".

Fig. 13 shows two auxiliary 4valves for the magthe pressure fluid t5nification of the impulse delivered by the `ietpipe. Each of the twoJet-pipes is movable in front of an opening 23', respectively 23" of thevalve casing 24',- respectively 24", in which one of the auxiliaryvalves 3|', 3| may move under the influence of a pressure fluid impulsein opposition to the tension of a damping spring25', respectively 25".-By means of the damping springs the resultis attained in that theauxiliary valves do not react to every vibration of the jet-pipe, butare only moved back and forth in accordance with the number and durationof the controlling impulse comprising several controlling vibrations. Inthe position of rest of the two jet-pipes, in which these are directlyopposed to the reception nozzles the two auxiliary valves are in theirend position and connect the pipes 21', respectively 21", branching offfrom the common pressure fluid feeding conduit 26 with the dischargeconduits 28', 28", which conduct the pressure fluid to both sides of theservomotor piston I9. If one jet-pipe, e. g. the one movable in front ofthe opening 23', is set into oscillation, then the pressure acting onthe auxiliary piston 3|'diminishes, and, as a result thereof, thisauxiliary piston near its right end position thereby closes the pressurefluid conduit 21', whilst at the same time the conduit 28' is connectedto the discharge 29'. The operation is i1- lustrated in Fig. 13. In viewthereof the pressure of the pressure fluid conduit 21", respectively28", acting on one lpiston side predominates, whilst the pressure fluidacting on the other piston side flows of! through the conduit 23', sothat as a result the servo-'motor piston is moved out of its middleposition` and the controlling Imember is correspondingly deflected afterthe termination of the vimpulse control. Thus jet-pipe is again in frontof the conduit 23', i. e. the auxiliary piston 3|' again returns to itsleft end position, whereby the conduits 21" and 28' are again connectedwith one another. l

In this arrangement the use of auxiliary valves movablejn a dampedmanner still has 'a favourable eiiect in that unequal positions of bothvibrating armatures in the positionv of rest, which could already causea displacement of the servomotor piston, can be compensated byproportioning the damping spring forces of the auxiliary valves. i

By means of adjusting screws 30', 30" the tension of the damping springscan be changed and adapted to the existing conditions.

I'he before described pressure fluid relay may be especially used incombination with 'a device The remote control, for instance the rudder'and elevator control, of an aircraft may be effectedin the followingmanner:

The transmitter sends out different tone frequencies, eachfrequencyhaving a certain controlling task"I whereby the tone frequencies may besuperposed on a carrier wave of high irequency. Said frequencies aretransmitted to the pivoted at |3| and may be swung in every directionround its pivot point |3I'. If the lever is swung to the right or to theleft, the switch 40 or 4| is closed, thereby modulating the carrier waveby a tone frequency, for instance 800 cycles/Sec. or another one forinstance 1400 cycles/sec. respectively. The modulated carrier wave isreceived by the antenna 32 of the aircraft,

ugo

ycraft is tuned to the carrier wave.

the course of which is to be remotely controlled. 'I'he receiving'circuit 33 on board of the air- |1 is a coil of a resonance relaybeingfed by electrical impulses of tone frequency and having twovibrating jet-pipes 2U', 20" as illustrated in Fig. 12, one of which(20') being mechanically tuned to 800 cycles/sec. whilst the other istuned to 1400 cycles/sec. I8 is the servo-motor, the piston of whichacts in the usual manner upon a rudder 35. 38 is the pressure fluidfeeding conduit. In accordance with the exciting of the coil |1 by theone or the other controlling frequency the piston of the servo-motor I8and therewith the rudder 35' is alternatively moved to the right or theleft. y

For elevator control of the aircraft the lever |3| is movable in adirection perpendicular to thebefore mentioned direction, therebyclosing one of two other contacts (not shown). In this manner, two otherdiiferent tone frequencies may be alternatively superposed on thecarrier wave. A second resonance relay is provided having a coil I1" andtwo other jet-pipes 36', 36," acting as vibrating armatures and eachbeing tuned to one of these two controlling frequencies. A secondservo-motor |8" isr provided which adjusts the positionof the elevator35". I

These resonance relays actas mechanical synchronizing means for thecontrolling frequencies, as each vibrating armature reacts to only onefrequency. Therefore, only mechanical filtering means are needed toseparate the tone frequencies, said filtering means simultaneouslycontrolling, according to the invention, the pressure fluid stream. Thusthe use of tone frequencies has the advantage that the remote control issimplified, as well at the transmitting station as 'at the receivingstation.

'ber, directly controlling the pressure fluid stream,

for instance a jet-pipe 45'rotatably mounted around the pivot 46, andbeing in a-n engaging relation with the vibrating armature. 41mechanically tuned to a certain tone frequency in such a manner that assoon as and so long as the vibrating armature 41 oscillates, it variesthe position of the movable member 45. The movements of this member mustbe damped so that it does not execute all lmovements of the armature asdescribed with respect to the auxiliary valve of Figs. 7 and 13. If thejet-pipe is moved out of its rest position, the pressure fluid deliveredby the jet-pipe enters the reception nozzle 48. 49 is 'a stop forlimiting the movement of the Vjet-pipe 45.

Reference will therefore be had to the appended claims for a definitionofthe limits of said inl vention..

armature.

2. A pressure fluid relay comprising in combination a mechanicalresonance relay having a resilient armature which is mechanically tuned`to a controlling frequency and which is adapted to be set intovibrationunder the influence of said frequency; and means for directing apressure fluid stream, said armature being constructed as a pressurefluid valve for periodically varyingy in its state of vibration theintensity of the pressure fluid stream.

3. A pressure fluid relay comprising in combination an exciting coiladapted to be excited I by controlling electric impulses of soundfrequency; a resilient armature cooperating with said coil and beingmechanically tuned to the frequency of the controlling impulses whichare to be set into vibration under the influence of said controllingimpulses; means for directing a pressure fluid stream; and a pressurefluid valve controlling the intensity of said pressure fluid stream,said valve being in direct operative connection with said armature forvarying the intensity of said pressure fluid stream upon vibration ofsaid armature.

4. A pressure fluid relay comprising in com- 4 bination a singleexciting `coil adapted to be excited by a plurality of controllingelectricvimpulses of different sound frequency; a plurality of resilientarmatures each cooperating with said coil and being tuned to a certainfrequency of said controlling impulses which are to be set intovibration under the influence of al certain controlling frequency; meansfor directing a plurality of pressure fluid streams; and pressure fluidvalves, each valve controlling the intensity of a pressure fluid streamand being in direct operative connection with an armature of which eachof the latter varies theintensity of one of said pressure fluid streamsupon vibration of the respective armature.

5. A pressure fluid relay comprising, in combination, a mechanicalresonance relay having a resilient armature which is mechanically tunedto a controlling frequency -to be set into vibration under the influenceof said frequency; and means for directing a pressure fluid streamincluding nozzles for feeding and receiving the pressure iluid streamwhich are arranged transverse to the plane in which said armaturevibrates, the nozzles being coaxially arranged and said armature havinga knife edge for periodically interrupting said pressure fluid stream.

6. A pressure fluid relay comprising, in com-I, bination, a mechanicalresonance relay having a resilient armature to be set into vibrationunder the influence of a controlling frequency; means for directing apressure fluid stream, said armature being formed as a vibratory jetpipe to which the pressure fluid is directed; and a nozzle provided infront of the nozzle of said jet pipe for receiving the periodicallyinterrupted pressure fluid stream leaving the jet pipe nozzle. Y

7.'A pressure fluid relay comprising, in combination', a mechanicalresonance relay having a resilient armature to be set into vibrationunder the influence of a'controlling frequency; means for directing apressure fluid stream, said armature being formed as a vibratory jetpipe which is fed by the pressure fluid stream; and a nozzle provided infront of the nozzle of said jet pipe for receiving the periodicallyinterrupted pressure fluid stream leaving thejet pipe nozzle, said jetpipe nozzle having an oval opening the greatest diameter of which liestransversely to the direction of vibration of said jet pipe.

KURT WILDE. GEORG ZINK.

